Ming Xue's Collection of
References on Mesoscale Meteorology

NOTE: These references were compiled for the convienience of my own research. The selection of the entries was largely random. So do not be upset if your papers or your favorite references are not included. In fact, I welcome input for others, and you can E-mail me your contributions or comments at mxue@uoknor.edu.


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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Abe, M., 1941: Mountain clouds, their forms and connected air current. Part II. Bull. Central Met. Obs. Japan, VII, 3, 93-145.

Abe, M.E., 1932: The formation of cloud by the obstruction of Mount Fuji. Geophys. Mag., 6, 1- 10.

Abe, S. and Yoshida, T., 1982: The effect of the width of a peninsula to the sea breeze. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 60, 1074-1084.

Abele, J. and Clement, D., 1980: Chebyshev approach to fit atmospheric aerosol size distributions. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 53, 469-485.

Acheson, D.J., 1990: Elementary Fluid Dynamics . Clarendon Press, Oxford, 397 pp.

Achtemeier, G.L., 1975: On the initialization problem: A variational adjustment method. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 1089-1103.

Achtemeier, G.L., 1983: The relationship between the surface wind field and convective precipitation over the St. Louis area. J. Clim. Appl. Meteor., 22, 982-999.

Achtemeier, G.L., 1989: Modification of a successive corrections objective analysis for improved derivative calculations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 78-86.

Ackerman, S.A. and Cox, S.K., 1982: The Saudi Arabian heat low: Aerosol distributions and thermodynamic structure. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8991-9002.

Ackerman, T.P., Lion, K.-N. and Levoy, C.B., 1976: Infrared radiative transfer in polluted atmospheres. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 28-35.

Ackerman, T.P., Liou, K.-N., Valero, F.P.J. and Pfister, L., 1988: Heating rates in tropical anvils. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1606-1623.

Adams, J.C., Cline, A.K., Drake, M.A. and Sweet, R.A., 1975: NCAR Software Support Library. NCAR-TN/lA-105.

Agee, E. and Dowell, K.E., 1974: Observational studies of mesoscale cellular convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 46-53.

Agee, E.M., 1982: An introduction to shallow convective systems. In: E.M. Agee and T. Asai (Editors), Cloud Dynamics. D. Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht, 423.

Agee, E.M., Chen, T.S. and Doswell, K.E., 1973: A review of mesoscale cellular convection. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 10, 1004-1012.

Agriculture, U.S.D.o., 1951: Soil survey manual. U.S. Dept. Agriculture Handbook, 18, 1-503.

Akiyama, T., 1978: Mesoscale pulsation of convective rain in medium-scale disturbances developed in Bain front. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 56, 267-283.

Al Nakshabandi, G. and Kohnke, H., 1965: Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of soils as related to moisture tension and other physical properties. Agric. Meteor., 2, 271-279.

Alaka, M.A., 1960: The airflow over mountains, WMO.

Alberty, R.L. and Barnes, S.L., 1979: SESAME 1979 Plans for Operations and Data Archival., NOAA/ERL, Boulder, Colorado.

Alberty, R.L., Burgess, D.W., Hane, C.E. and Weaver, J.F., 1979: SESAME 1979 Operations Summary, NOAA/ERL, Boulder, Colorado.

Albrecht, B., 1981: Parameterization of trade-cumulus amounts. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 97-105.

Albrecht, B., Ramanathan, V. and Boville, B., 1986: The effects of cumulus moisture transports on the simulation of climate with a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2443-2462.

Allen, L.H.J. and Lemon, E.R., 1972: Net radiation frequency distribution in a corn crop. Bound. Layer Meteor., 3, 246-254.

Allender, J.H., 1979: Model and observed circulation throughout the annual temperature cycle of Lake Michigan. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 573-579.

Aloyan, A.E., lordanov, D.L. and Penenko, V.V., 1981: Parameterization of a surface layer with variable height, Society Meteorology and Hydrology.

Alpert, P., 1981: Implicit filtering in conjunction with explicit filtering. J. Comput. Phys. 44,212-219, .

Alpert, P., Cohen, A., Doron, E. and Neumann, J., 1982: A model simulation of the summer circulation from the Eastern Mediterranean past Lake ICinneret in the Jordan Valley. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 994-1006.

Alpert, P. and Getenio, B., 1988: One-level diagnostic modeling of mesoscale surface winds in complex terrain. Part I: Comparison with three-dimensional modeling in Israel. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2025-2046.

Alpert, P. and Getenio, B., 1988: One-level diagnostic modeling of mesoscale surface winds in complex terrain. Part II: Applicability of shortrange forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2047-2061.

Alpert, P. and Neumann, J., 1983: A simulation of a Lake Michigan winter land breeze on the 7th of November 1978. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1873-1881.

Andersen, O.J., 1981: The katabatic wind field and nocturnal inversions in valleys: A 2-dimensional model, Department of Meteorology, Univ. of Bergen, Norway.

Anderson, G.E., 1971: Mesoscale influences on wind fields. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 377-386.

Anderson, R.K. and al., e., 1974: Application of Meteorological Satellite Data in Analysis and Forecasting. NESC 51, U.S. Dept. of Commerce (NTIS AD-786 137).

Anderson, S.F., 1979: Effects of New York City on the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Sea Breeze Fronts, Vol. II. Observations of Sea Breeze Frontal Slopes and Vertical Velocities over an Urban Area, San Jose State University, San Jose, California.

Andre, J.C. et al., 1989: Impact of forests on mesoscale meteorology. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 324, 407-422.

Andre, J.C., DeMoor, G., Lacarcere, P., Therry, G. and Vachat, R.d., 1978: Modeling the 24-hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structures of the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1862-1883.

Andre, J.C. and Mahrt, L., 1982: The nocturnal surface inversion and influence of clean-air radiative cooling. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 864-878.

Andren, A., 1990: Evaluation of a turbulence closure scheme suitable for air-pollution applications. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 224-239.

Andren, A., 1991: A TKE-dissipation model for the atmospheric boundary layer. Bound-Layer Meteor., 56, 207-221.

Andreyev, S.D. and Ivlev, L.S., 1980: Infrared radiation absorption by various atmospheric aerosol fractions. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 16, 663-669.

Anthes, R.A., 1970: Numerical experiments with a two-dimensional horizontal variable grid. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 810-822.

Anthes, R.A., 1972: The development of asymmetries in a three-dimensional numerical model of the tropical cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 461-476.

Anthes, R.A., 1974: Data assimilation and initialization of hurricane prediction models. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 702-719.

Anthes, R.A., 1974: The dynamics and energetic of mature tropical cyclones. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 12, 495-522.

Anthes, R.A., 1976: Numerical prediction of severe storms-certainty, possibility, or dream? Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc., 57, 423-430.

Anthes, R.A., 1977: A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 270286.

Anthes, R.A., 1978: The height of the planetary boundary layer and the production of circulation in a sea breeze model. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1231-1239.

Anthes, R.A., 1982: Tropical Cyclones, Their Evolution, Structure and Effect. AMS monograph, Boston.

Anthes, R.A., 1982: The Use of Satellite Pictures in Tropical Cyclones: Their Evolution, Structure and Effects. . American Meteorological Society, Boston, 208 pp.

Anthes, R.A., 1983: A review of regional models of the Atmosphere in middle latitudes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1306-1335.

Anthes, R.A., 1984: Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 541-554.

Anthes, R.A., 1990: Recent applications of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model to synoptic, mesoscale and climate studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 1610-1629.

Anthes, R.A. and Baumhefner, D.P., 1984: A diagram depicting forecast skill and predictability. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 701-703.

Anthes, R.A., Hsie, E.-Y. and Kuo, Y.-H., 1987: Description of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model version 4 (MM4). NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-282.

Anthes, R.A. and Keyser, D., 1979: Tests of a fine-mesh model over Europe and the United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 963-984.

Anthes, R.A., Kuo, Y.-H., Benjamin, S.G. and Li, Y.-F., 1982: The evolution of the mesoscale environment of severe local storms: Preliminary modeling results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1187-1213.

Anthes, R.A., Kuo, Y.-H., Hsie, E.-Y., Low-Nam, S. and Bettge, T.W., 1989: Estimation of skill and uncertainty in regional numerical models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 763-806.

Anthes, R.A., Seaman, N.L. and Warner, T.T., 1980: Comparisons of numerical simulations of the planetary boundary layer by a mixed-layer and multi-level model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 365-376.

Anthes, R.A., Trout, J.W. and Rosenthal, S.L., 1971: Comparisons of tropical cyclone simulations with and without the assumption of circular symmetry. Mon. Wea. Rev., 99, 759-766.

Anthes, R.A. and Warner, T.T., 1974: Prediction of Mesoscale Flows Over Complex Terrain, U.S. Army Electronics Command, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, ECOM-5532.

Anthes, R.A. and Warner, T.T., 1978: Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1045-1078.

Anthes, R.A.e., 1982: A national STORM program . . . scientific basis and major objectives, Boulder, Colorado.

Appel, B.R., Kothay, E.L., Hoffer, E.M., Hidy, G.M. and Wesolowski, J.J., 1978: Sulfate and nitrate data from the California aerosol characterization experiment (ACHEX. Environ. Sci. Technol., 12, 418-425.

Arakawa, A., 1966: Computational design for long term numerical integrations of the equations of atmospheric motion. J. Comp. Phy., 1, 119-143.

Arakawa, A., 1969: Parameterization of cumulus convection. Proc. of the WMO/IUGG Symp. of Numerical Weather Prediction. Japan Meteorological Society, Tokyo, Japan.

Arakawa, A., 1975: Modelling clouds and cloud processes for use in climate model. The Physical Basis of Climate and Climate Modelling. GARP Publication Series, 16, 183-197.

Arakawa, A. and Chen, J.-M., 1987: Closure assumptions in the cumulus parameterization problem. In: T. Matsun (Editor), Short and Medium Range Numerical Weather Prediction. Universal Academy Press, 107-131.

Arakawa, A. and Lamb, V.R., 1977: Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model. Meth. Comput. Phys., 17, 174-264.

Arakawa, A. and Schubert, W.H., 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.

Arakawa, A. and Schubert, W.H., 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.

Arakawa, S., Yamada, K. and Toya, T., 1982: A study of foehn in the Hokuriku district using the AMe DAS data. Meteor. Geophys., 33, 149-163.

Arnason, G. and Greenfield, R.S., 1972: Micro- and macro-structures of numerically simulated convective clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 342-367.

Arritt, R.W., 1987: The effect of water surface temperature on lake breeze and thermal internal boundary layers. Bound-Layer Meteor., 40, 101-125.

Artz, R., Pielke, R.A. and Galloway, J., 1985: Comparison of the ARL/ATAD constant level and the NCAR isentropic trajectory analysis for selected case studies. Atmos. Environ., 19, 47-63.

Arya, S.P., 1981: Parameterizing the height of the stable atmospheric boundary layer. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 1192-1202.

Arya, S.P., 1988: Introduction to Micrometeorology . Academic Press, New York, 303 pp.

Asai, T., 1964: Cumulus convection in the atmosphere with vertical wind shear: Numerical experiment. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 42, 245-259.

Asai, T., 1965: A numerical study of the air-mass transformation over the Japan Sea in winter. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 43, 1-15.

Asai, T., 1970: Stability of a plane parallel flow with variable vertical shear and unstable stratification. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 48, 129-139.

Asai, T., 1970: Three-dimensional features of thermal convection in a plane Couette flow. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 48, 18-29.

Asai, T., 1972: Thermal instability of a shear flow turning direction with height. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 50, 525-532.

Asai, T. and Kasahara, A., 1967: A theoretical study of the compensating downdrafts associated with cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 487-496.

Asai, T. and Mitsumoto, S., 1978: Effects of an inclined land surface on the land and sea breeze circulation: A numerical experiment. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan., 56, 559-570.

Asai, T. and Nakasuji, I., 1973: On the stability of the Ekman boundary-layer flow with thermally unstable stratification. J. Met. Soc. Japan, 51, 29-42.

Aspliden, C.I. and Sabine, Y.T.J.B., 1976: Some climatological aspects of West African disturbance lines during GATE. Mon. Wea Rev., 104, 1029-1035.

Asselin, R., 1972: Frequency filter for time integration. Mon. Wea Rev., 100, 487-490.

Asselin, R., 1972: Frequency filter for time integrations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 487-490.

Association, N.W., 1986: Satellite Imagery Interpretation for Forecasters. Vol. 1: General Interpretation Synoptic Analysis. In: P.S. Parke (Editor). National Weather Association, Temple Hills [ISSN 0271-1044].

Association, N.W., 1986: Satellite Imagery Interpretation for Forecasters. Vol. 11: Precipitation Convection. In: P.S. Parke (Editor). National Weather Association, Temple Hills [ISSN 02711044].

Association, N.W., 1986: SatellitelmagerylnterpretationforForecasters. Vol. 111: Tropical Weather, Fog and Stratus Aerosols Winds and Turbulence Glossary. In: P.S. Parke (Editor). National Weather Association, Temple Hills [ISSN 0271-1044].

Atkinson, B.W., 1981: Meso-scale Atmospheric Circulations . Academic Press, 495 pp.

Atlas, D., Ed., 1990: Radar in Meteorology . American Meteorological Society, Boston, 806 pp.

Atlas, D. and Chou, S.-H., 1982: Coast-ocean-atmosphere-ocean mesoscale interaction. Memorandum 83903.

Atlas, D., Chou, S.-H. and Byerly, W.P., 1983: The influence of coastal shape on winter mesoscale air-sea interaction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 245-252.

Atlas, D., Hardy, K.R., Wexler, R. and Boucher, R.J., 1963: On the origin of hurricane spiral bands. Technical Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Mexico Geofisica Internacional, 3, 123-132.

Atlas, D., Rosenfeld, D. and Woffl, D., 1990: Climatologically tuned reflectivity rain rate relations and links to area-time integrals. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 1120-1135.

Atlas, D. and Ulbrish, C.W., 1977: Path- and area-integrated rainfall measuremant by microwave atenuation in the 1-3 cm band. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 1322-1331.

Atwater, M.A., 1971: The radiation budget for polluted layers ot the urban environment. J. Appl. Meteor., 10, 205-214.

Atwater, M.A., 1971: Radiation effects of pollutants in the atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1367-1373.

Atwater, M.A., 1972: Thermal effects of organization and industrialization in the boundary layer: A numerical study. Boundary-Layer Met., 3, 229-245.

Atwater, M.A., 1977: Urbanization and pollutant effects on the thermal structure in four climatic regions. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 888-895.

Atwater, M.A. and Ball, J.T., 1981: A surface solar radiation model for cloudy atmospheres. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 878-888.

Atwater, M.A. and Brown, P.J., 1974: Numerical calculation of the latitudinal variation of solar radiation for an atmosphere of varying opacity. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 289-297.

Atwater, M.A. and Brown, P.S., 1974: Numerical computations of the latitudinal variation of solar radiation for an atmosphere of varying opacity. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 289-297.

Auer, A.H., Jr., 1972: Distribution of graupel and hail with size. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 325-328.

Auer, A.H. and Marwitz, J.D., 1968: Estimates of air and moisture flux into hailstorms on the high plains. J. Appl. Meteor., 7, 196-198.

Augstein, E., Schmidt, H. and Ostapoff, F., 1974: The vertical structure of the atmospheric planetary boundary layer in undisturbed trade. .

Augstein, E. and Wendel, M., 1980: Modeling of the time-dependent atmospheric tradewind boundary layer with non-precipitating cumulus clouds. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 53, 509-538.

Augustine, J.A. and Zipser, E.J., 1987: The use of wind profilers in a mesoscale experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 68, 4-17.

Austin, P.H., Baker, M.B., Blyth, A.M. and Jensen, J.B., 1985: Small-scale variability in warm continental cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1123-1138.

Austin, P.M., 1987: Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1053-1070.

Avissar, R. and Pielke, R.A., 1989: A parameterization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numeric models and its impact on regional meteorology. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 21132136.

Bader, D.C., 1981: Simulation of the Daytime Boundary Layer Evolution in Deep Mountain Valleys. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University.

Bader, D.C. and McKee, T.B., 1983: Dynamical model simulation of the morning boundary layer development in deep mountain valleys. J. Clim. Appl. Meteo., 22, 341-351.

Baer, F., 1977: Adjustment of initial conditions required to suppress gravity oscillations in nonlinear flows. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 350-366.

Baer, F. and Boudra, D., 1977: Numerical prediction and mod)fication of cyclone scale precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 603-617.

Baer, F. and Katz, B., 1980: Normal mode analysis. Multidisciplinary Research Program in Atmospheric Science-a Quasi-Biennial Report. In: P.I. O. E. Thompson (Editor). Chap. 3. Dept. of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, 45-62.

Baer, F. and Simons, T.J., 1970: Computational stability and time truncation of coupled nonlinear equations with exact solutions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 665-679.

Baik, J.J., DeMaria, M. and Raman, S., 1990: Tropical cyclone simulations with the Betts convective adjustment scheme. Part II: Sensitivity experiments. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 529-541.

Bailey, M.J., Carpenter, K.M., Lowther, L.R. and Passant, C.W., 1981: A mesoscale forecast for 14 August 1975-the Hampstead storm. Meteor. Mag., 110, 147-161.

Baines, P.G., 1977: Upstream influence and Long's model in stratified flows. J. Fluid Mech., 82, 147-159.

Baines, P.G., 1979: Observations of stratified flows over two-dimensional obstacles in fluid of finite depth. Tellus, 31, 351-371.

Baker, M.B., Corbin, R. and Latham, J., 1980: The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra. l: A model of inhomogeneous mixing. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 581.

Baker, M.B., Corbin, R.G. and Latham, J., 1980: The influence of entrainment on the evolution of cloud droplet spectra. I: A model in in omogeneous mixing. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 106, 581598.

Ball, F.K., 1960: Control of inversion height by surface heating. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 86, 483494.

Ball, J.T., Atwater, M.A. and Thoren, J., 1981: Sensitivity of computed incoming solar radiation for an atmosphere of varying capacity. J Appl. Meteor., 13, 289-297.

Ballard, S.P., Golding, B.W. and Smith, R.N.B., 1991: Mesoscale model experimental forecasts of the Haar of northeast Scotland. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 2107-2123.

Ballentine, R.J., 1980: A numerical investigation of New England coastal frontogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1479-1497.

Ballentine, R.J., 1982: Numerical simulation of land-breeze-induced snowbands along the western shore of Lake Michigan. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1544-1553.

Balsley, B.B., Ecklund, W.L., Carter, D.A., Riddle, A.C. and Gage, K.S., 1988: Average vertical motions in the tropical atmosphere observed by a radar wind profiler on Pohnpei (7°N latitude, 157°E longitude). J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 396-405.

Banta, R. and Cotton, W.R., 1981: An analysis of the structure of local wind systems in a broad mountain basin. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 1255-1266.

Banta, R.M., 1982: An Observational and Numerical Study of Mountain Boundary Layer Flow. No. 350.

Barker, E. et al., 1994: Status of critical activities in mesoscale data assimilation for the U.S. Weather Research Program. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., .

Barker, E.H. and Baxter, T.L., 1975: A note on the computation of atmospheric surface layer fluxes for use in numerical modeling. J. Appl. Meteor., 14, 620-622.

Barnes, G.M. and Garstang, M., 1982: Subcloud layer energetics of precipitating convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 102-117.

Barnes, G.M. and Sieckman, K., 1984: The environment of fast and slow-moving tropical mesoscale convective cloud lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1782-1794.

Barnes, G.M., Zipser, E.J., Jorgensen, D. and Marks, F.D., Jr., 1983: Mesoscale and convective structure of a hurricane rainband. J. Atmos. Sci, 40, 2125-2137.

Barnes, S.L., 1974: Mesonetwork array, its effect on thunderstorm flow resolution . NOAA Tech. Rep. ERL NS' -74, 16 pp.

Barnes, S.L., 1978: Oklahoma thunderstorms on 29-30 April 1970. Part II: Radar-observed merger of twin hook echoes. Mon. Wea Rev., 106, 685-696.

Barnes, S.L. and Ketchum, J.H.H.R.J., 1971: Rawinsonde observation and processing techniques at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. ERL NSSL-53, [NTIS COM-71-00707.].

Barton, I.J., 1983: Upper-level cloud climatology from an orbiting satellite. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 435-447.

Batchelor, G.K., 1967: An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics . Cambridge University Press, 615 pp.

Bates, J.R., 1984: An efficient semi-Lagrangian and alternating-direction implicit method for integrating the shallow-water equations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, .

Bates, J.R. and McDonald, A., 1982: Multiple-upstream, semi-Lagrangian advective achemes: analysis and application to a multi-level primitive equation model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1831-1842.

Bates, J.R. and McDonald, A., 1982: Multiply-upstream, semi-Lagrangian advection schemes: Analysis and application to a multi-level primitive equation model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1831-1842.

Bates, J.R., Semazzi, F.H.M. and Higgins, R.W., 1990: Integration of the shallow-water equations on the sphere using a vector-Lagrangian schem with a multigrid solver. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, .

Battan, L.J., 1959: Radar Meteorology . University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 161 pp.

Battan, L.J., 1973: Radar Observation of the Atmospheric . University of Chicago Press, 324 pp.

Batteen, M.L. and Han, Y.-J., 1981: On thecomputational noise of finitedifference schemes used in ocean models. Tellus, 33, 387-396.

Baumhefner, D.P. and Perkey, D.J., 1982: Evaluation of lateral boundary errors in a limiteddomain model. Tellus, 34, 409-428.

Baynton, H.W. et al., 1977: Real-time wind measurement in extratropical cyclones by means of Doppler radar. J. Appl. Tech., 16, 1022-1028.

Bean, B.R., Emmanuel, C.B., Gilmer, R.O. and McGavin, R.E., 1975: The spatial and temporal variations of the turbulent fluxes of heat, momentum and water vapor over Lake Ontario. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 532-540.

Bean, B.R., Gilmer, R., Grossman, R.L. and McGavin, R., 1972: An analysis of airborne measurements of vertical water vapor flux during BOMEX. J Atmos. Sci., 29, 860-869.

Bean, B.R., Gilmer, R. and McGavin, R.L.G.R., 1972: An analysis of airborne measurements of vertical water vapor flux during BOMEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 860-869.

Beard, K.V., 1976: Terminal velocity and shape of cloud and precipitation drops aloft. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 851-864.

Beard, K.V., 1985: Simple altitude adjustments to raindrop velocities for Doppler-radar analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 2, 468-471.

Beard, K.V. and Ochs, H.T., 1986: Charging mechanisms in clouds and thunderstorms, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.

Beard, K.V. and Pruppacher, H.R., 1969: A determination of the terminal velocity and drag of small water drops by means of a wind tunnel. J. Atmos. Sci, 26, 1066-1072.

Beard, K.V. and Pruppacher, H.R., 1971: A wind tunnel investigation of the rate of evaporation of small water droplets falling at terminal velocity in air. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1455-1464.

Beck, M.B., 1987: Water quality modeling: A review of the analysis of uncertainty. Water Resour. Res., 23, 1393-1442.

Beckwith, I.E. and Bushnell, D.M., 1968: Ciculation of mean and fluctuating properties of the incompressible turbulent boundary layer. Proceedings, AFOSR-IFP-Stanford Conference, 1, 275-299.

Beljaars, A.C.M. and Holstag, A.A.M., 1991: Flux parameterization over land surfaces for atmospheric modes. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 327-341.

Beljaars, A.C.M., Walmsley, J.L. and Taylor, P.A., 1987: A mixed spectral finite-difference model for neutrally stratified boundary-layer flow over roughness changes and topography. Bound-Layer Meteor., 38, 273-303.

Bell, R.S., 1978: The forecasting of orographically enhanced rainfall accumulations using 10-level model data. Meteor. Mag., 107, 113-124.

Benard, M.H., 1901: Les tourbillons cell laires dans une nappe liquide transportant de la chaleur par convection en regime permanent. Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 23, 62-144.

Bender, M.A. and Kurihara, Y., 1983: The energy budgets for the eye and eyewall of a numerically simulated tropical cyclone. J. Met. Soc. Japan., 61, 239-243.

Bengtsson, L., Kanamitsu, M., Kallberg, P. and Uppala, S., 1982: FGGE 4-dimensional data assimilation at ECMWF. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 63, 29-43.

Beniston, M., 1985: Organization of convection in a numerical mesoscale model as a function of initial and lower boundary conditions. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 58, 31-52.

Beniston, M.G. and Sommeria, G., 1981: Use of a detailed planetary boundary model for parameterization purposes. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 780-797.

Benjamin, S.G., 1983: Some effects of heating and topography on the regional severe storm environment, Ph.D. thesis . The Pennsylvania State University, 265 pp.

Benjamin, S.G., 1983: Some effects of surface heating and topography on the regional severe storm environment. Ph.D. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 265 pp.

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